Unicode

• Reference.
• Unicode is the "new" standard for character encoding.
  • New as in the first version of the standard was issued in 1991
  • We are currently on version 16 (9/2024), with version 17 in the works
• Unicode is a 8 (UTF-8), 16 (UTF-16) and 32 (UTF-32) bit standard.
  • All characters can be represented in 32 bits.
  • And is based on the ASCII.
  • In fact, the ASCII table is first "table" in unicode
    • see This reference
    • In HTML &#xnnnn; will display a unicode character
    • G is hex 47 (G)
  • Look at the list of Character sets supported
    • The Greek letters are 0370₁₆ to 03ff₁₆
    • see this chart
    • And cover α to Ω
    • Note just like ASCII, Upper case letters, then lower case letters in order.
  • I can't type this up without some 𓅹 𓂀 Hieroglyphs!
  • The standard includes
    • 135,000 characters in use
    • 800,000 unused characters
    • 6,400 for private use
  • Some characters are used for composition
    • This: ü is a composition of u and  ̈
    • There are three encoding forms, UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32
      • We have been looking at UTF-16
      • But all forms require at most 4 bytes to represent any character.
    • It is more complex to use in a language like c++, but that is not our problem now.
      • ucodeDemo.cpp
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