Standards

Book: The C Programming Language by K& R was the first standard - K&R c
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1989 - ANSII C
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) C or C89
A second version was adopted in 99, or C98 just for confusion.
Mostly additions have been to bring in things from c++ that don't break the language.
There continue to be updates to C. See the Wikipedia entry
While C is independent of any OS, it has a huge impact on what we will do.

We will work in C++, but C++ is a super set of C so....

POSIX

The diversity of Unix like systems led to interoperability problems.
POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface)
- An attempt to form a standard for operation systems
- Both in terms of API (POSIX 1) and system and utilities (POSIX 2).
- See (man getpwent)
- Many of the items we study will be POSIX compliance.
The Open Group
- Had many predecessors
- The current group that holds the UNIX trademark.
- Publishes Single Unix Specification (SUS) the extensions to POSIX
Linux is not Unix compliant.
- But they attempt to follow the POSIX standards.