Elements of a Program two

• Strings
  • a collection of 0 or more characters
  • "C++ is fun"
  • ""
  • "12345"
  • "Now is the time for all ... "
  • Declare:
    • string identifier;

    • string Name;
      string FirstName;
      string LastName;
      	     

    • or string identifier, identifier, ... identifier;

    • string City, State, Zip;
      	     

  • Assignment as with characters too but we use "

    • FisrtName = "Dan";
      LastName = "Bennett";
      City = "Edinboro";
      State = "PA";
      	   

  • We can "add" two strings to produce a new string
    • this is really concatenation

    • Name = FirstName + LastName;
      	   

    • We can add characters to strings too.

      Name = FirstName + ' ' + LastName;
      	   

  • Output is the same.

    • cout << Name << endl;
      	   

  • An additional include file is needed.

    • #include <string>
             

  • Here is an example program
  • If we want to include " or ' in a string we need to escape them

    Phrase = "Dan\'s quote was \"Hello\"";
           

• Literals, and Variables
  • cout << "Hello World " << endl;
  • This contains what we call a litteral.
  • Depending on what we are doing, this may not be the best thing to do.
  • We can declare a constant
  • This is a variable who's value does not change.
  • Generaly this is at the top of the code

  • #include 
    #include 
    
    const string GREETING = "Hello World";
    
           

  • Notice, we use all upper case to show that this is a constant.
  • const type identifier = constant_value
  • We can use this just like a variable.

  • cout << GREETING << endl;