#include <iostream>


using namespace std;

void Function1(int value);
void Function2(int & value);
int main() {

   int a;
   float b; 

   //start of question1B code.
   a = 5;
   cout << "Before the call, a = " << a << endl;
   Function1(a);
   cout << "After the first call, a = " << a << endl;
   Function2(a);
   cout << "After the second call, a = " << a << endl;

   // end of question1B code.
   
   // start of question 1C
   
    //Function1(5);
    //Function2(5);

   // end of question 1C
 
   // start of question 1D
   
   // b = 3.998;
   // Function1(b);
   // Function2(b);
   // cout << "After the second call, b = " << b << endl;
   
   // end of question 1D

   return 0;
}

void Function1(int value){
    cout << "\tBeginning of Function1 and value = " << value  << endl;
    value = 99;
    cout << "\tEnding of Function1 and value = "  << value << endl;
    return;
}

void Function2(int & value){
    cout << "\tBeginning of Function2 and value = " << value  << endl;
    value = -99;
    cout << "\tEnding of Function2 and value = "  << value << endl;
    return;
}