#include <iostream>
#include <limits>

using namespace std;

void PrintAsBinary(short s);

int main() {
    short s;

    s  = 9;
    cout << s << " = " ; 
    PrintAsBinary(9);
    cout << endl << endl;

    s =  ~s;
    cout << "~s = " << s  << " = ";
    PrintAsBinary(s);
    cout << endl << endl;

    s = numeric_limits<short>::max();
    cout << s << " = " ;
    PrintAsBinary(s);
    cout << endl;

    return 0; 
}

void PrintAsBinary(short s){
    int bits{sizeof(s)*8};
    int i = 0;

    unsigned short mask = 1<<(bits-1);

    while (mask > 0) {
        if (mask & s) {
           cout << "1";
        } else {
           cout << "0";
        }
        mask >>= 1;
    }

    return;
}